Chart about differences between method, strategy and technique and upload it by Yovanna Ramos

METHOD	STRATEGY	TECHNIQUE
Is the way in a particular translation process  in terms of the translator’s objective	Loescher (1991:8) defines translation strategy as "a potentially conscious procedure for solving a problem faced in translating a text, or any segment of it."	Strategies are the procedures (conscious or unconscious, verbal or nonverbal) used by the translator to solve problems that emerge when carrying out the translation process with a particular objective in mind.
-Word-for Word translation - Literal translation - Faithful translation - Semantic Translation -  Adaptation - Free translation - Idiomatic Translation - Communicative translation	Direct procedures: -          Literal translation -          Transference / loan -          Translation loan -          Throught translation -          Naturalization Indirect procedures: 1.Equivalence - Cultural equivalent - Functional equivalent - Descriptive equivalence - Synonymy - Reduction/ Expansion - Paraphrase - Compensation 2. Shift - Transposition - Modulation - Componential Analysis	Direct translation techniques -          Borrowing -          Calque -          Literal translation Oblique Translation Techniques -          Transposition -          Modulation -          Reformulation or Equivalence -          Adaptation -          Compensation

The texts about the problems faced and techniques applied by Yovanna Ramos

The texts about the problems faced and techniques applied

At the beggining I used the Oblique techniques becouse I found the best way to translate the text, because there are many forms to write the ideas from Spanish into English, in different parts I used Transportation due to some gramatical structures change in English.   Modulation  can allow me change parts of the body  in the point of view without altering the meaning; in some cases I used compensation, looking for the meaning and for this reason I had to change some words and get the idea.

One of the problems I had, was to know how to use the correct words, and using the grammar structures without altering the meaning, in some cases, known how express the idea in the other language, because I don’t have this experience from English culture.

The translated text by Yovanna Ramos

Panoramic route between spa towns and stately villages

In the north of Italy, just where the plains look to the Alps,  the Lakes Region extends where natural scenery, historical heritage and artistic wealth can all be found. Close to must-visit cities such as Milan, Verona and Trento, and the crystal clear body of water that is the Garda Lake draws the viewer’s eye and tricks travelers into believing that it is a calm sea on the south shore, while in the north it is more reminiscent of a Norwegian fjord. Furthermore, a mild microclimate converts the surrounding area of Italy’s largest lake( 370 km2) into an idyllic garden area where they grow crops like grapes, lemon , palm and laurel. Unsurprisingly, from Roman times to the nineteenth century, the aristocracy has built villas on the edge of the Lombard Lagoon, whose banks also belong to the regions of Trentino and Veneto. The spa resort town of Sirmione, located at the southern end of the lake, is the starting point for this tour of the 150 kilometers of the Gardesana, the winding road bordering the lake that gives breath-taking views; another option, although slower, is to travel by ships that connect many towns.  
Just eleven kilometers from Sirmione lies Desenzano there are only eleven kilometers, the the capital of the lake and its most populous city . There is recommended to walk the streets of the historic center and visit the church of Santa Maria Maddalena ( XVI century) , where you can gaze upon “The Last Supper” by Tiepolo.

Sirmione sits on a peninsula which culminates in the Rocca Scaligera castle (XIII century), surrounded by ramparts. The beaches are another one of the place’s attractions, as well as the Caves of Catullus, where the remains of a Roman villa can be seen, in which it is believed that the poet lived in the first century BC and from whence the cave gets its name; stays, hot springs, patios and the privileged position of the lake are protected.

Text about the problems faced and techniques applied in the translation by Gabriela Téllez

Text about the problems faced and techniques applied in the translation

The tecnhique that I most used on time to translate of Spanish to English is the transposition because of the preferred position of the verb in the sentence: English often has the verb near the beginning of a sentence; Spanish can have it closer to the end. This requires that the translator knows that it is possible to replace a word category in the target language without altering the meaning of the source text. But sometimes we traduce one phrase of other way with the same idea, in this case I applied Modulation.

MADAGASCAR, THE BIG ISLAND AT INDICO

MADAGASCAR, THE BIG ISLAND AT INDICO

“Walking for this paradise, of giant trees, unique animals and coral beaches”

I went to Madagascar, to admire baobabs de Morondava, but I found with an Island of 1.600 kilometers long that I fall in love for her varied landscapes, paddy fields, lush vegetation, animals as curious as lemurs and magnificent beaches south and north.

In Madagascar, almost everything starts in the Capital, Antananarivo (Tana for friends), a noisy city that spreads by 18 hills, with street markets, a lake and a palace.  In Tana I familiar with the local currency, the ariary, I learned that rice is the staple food and rented, with my friend Patrick, a French guide who has spent years on the island, all terrain car to go to Morondava.

Tana Leaving everything changes. The urban chaos is diluted and overlook the Highlands, a green landscape of rolling hills, red soil and paddy fields. "The mixture of Africa and Asia in the landscape because the populated Indonesian island," he tells me Patrick. We passed many Taxi Brousse, minibuses loaded in excess whose drivers risk their lives to win a few minutes. In Antsirabe, 160 kilometers south of Tana, the pousse-pousses (carts pulled by a man) confirms the Asian vocation of the island. Here the road is diverted to Morondava through a landscape where meadows where grazing zebu alternating with sugar cane plantations and forests depleted illustrating the deforestation of the island. A tasty samosas (typical South Asian dumplings) served lunch in one of the many stops next to the road.

Shortly before the first baobabs Morondava appear, reigning over the rice fields. They are the type Adansonia grandidieri, reaching 30 meters high. The baobabs only grow in Africa and the west coast of Australia, but in Madagascar live up to seven species. Hence be known as "the mother island of baobabs" although the British writer Gerald Durrell (1925-1995) preferred fauna, whose protection is still engaged the Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust.

At the entrance a sign announces Morondava school Le Petit Prince with a drawing of the Little Prince by Saint-Exupery. Further, a dusty streets and a beach battered by cyclones Morondava become a soulless population.

At sunset we approach the so-called Avenue of the baobabs, close to the city. The slanting light of late afternoon shadows lengthened and beautifies the red trunks, while a cart moving on the road. "I came from Tokyo just to see this," a Japanese confesses me with tears of emotion.

A few steps, a few baobabs intertwined their trunks: the tree lovers.

200 km north of Morondava is the Tsingy Bemaraha Park. It's like an enchanted forest of stone, with sharp limestone pinnacles that also populate the Ankarana reserve in the north. Here we must be careful with the fady, the Malagasy word for taboo and indicating, for example, you should never point a finger grave.

Madagascar is a huge island you learn as you go devouring kilometers. In my journey south, herds of zebu and Malagasy pastors, wrapped in colorful blankets, prelude arrival at Ambositra. In this city jams pousse-pousses repeated, but there is also a special agitation because Savika parties are held. We followed the crowd to a stage where young people trying to mount competing threatening zebu horns.

A few kilometers further, around Fianarantsoa are an ideal place to make a trek through rice fields and villages minimum field. But it is in the gorges of Isalo park with lakes and waterfalls, where the vision of lemurs ringed dreamed brings me back to Madagascar. Makeshift villages seekers sapphires, gold fever Madagascar, preceding later the return of baobabs in the Tulear region, a population that has sandy beaches and restaurants serving steak flavored with spices Cebu Island especially vanilla.

A few days later we flew north to the island of Nosy Be, where tropical vegetation surrounding beaches where fish, lobster and black coral abound. On the east coast of Madagascar there is a similar paradise in Sainte-Marie island with palm-fringed beaches and crystal waters.

Back on shore, we follow the north coast by taxi-brousse to Diego Suarez, a city which left its mark French colonial presence. It was here where pirates founded in the seventeenth century, the utopian republic Libertalia. "The booty was divided equally," Patrick tells me, "but did not have the local people. One day down Malagasy mountains and ended with everyone and everything. " Long time nothing remains of that ephemeral pirate republic, but in the main street of Diego Suarez recalls a painted utopia that reigned in the north of this island dream.

Chart about differences between Method, Strategy and Techniques by Gabriela Tellez

Chart about differences between method, strategy and technique by Linda Yiseth Paredes Peralta.

Hi peers and tutor.

I share with you the chart about differences between method, strategy and technique.

The text about the problems faced and techniques applied by Linda Yiseth Paredes Peralta

Hi peers and tutor.

I share with you the problems faced and techniques applied in the translation about the text Landscapes that inspired the life and work of the Gerundian artist, available in Link 4:  http://www.nationalgeographic.com.es/articulo/viajes/rutas_y_escapadas/9514/triangulo_dali_emporda.htm

First of all, there were many words that are so rare in Spanish because they belong to a certain circle of people, for example the small villages where Dali spent his early years, as espardenyes and porrones, where the best choice is not to translate, but the translator has to know the meaning and give an idea of what they are, there are other words that still are kind of difficult in Spanish like zootropo, so the translator has to look for its meaning in order to give a small explanation of what it is, like it was done.

Besides there were some expressions that the translator has to know in order to do a good job and let the reader understand, because a literally translation would change the meaning of the whole sentence, as it was done in the second paragraph where <a dos manzanas de su casa natal> was translated as <two blocks from the house where he was born>.

Finally, when translating there has to be some careful management of countable and uncountable nouns, as it was done with the word <cerámicas>, in Spanish it’s meant to relate to art, and when it is translated into English it could not be as simple as <ceramics>, so it was done in the way of <pieces of ceramic>, in order to make the reader understand that were pieces of art made of ceramic.

About the techniques used, it was a  mix of some of them because each one gives a useful tool for each case, sometimes is easier to be literal, just by making a sentence translation, but in some cases there has to be modulation in order to use some different words that fit better the meaning of a sentence, and actually there’s a lot of transposition just because of the English language organization and grammar, where adjectives and nouns are used in a very different way in English as it is in Spanish.

Thanks for reading.